STRATEGIC ROLE SEMENOVODCHESKOGO SECTOR V SYSTEME GLOBALNOY AGRARNOY I PRODOVOLSTVENNOY ECONOMIC

Abstract

The article examines the strategic role of the seed sector in shaping a resilient global agricultural and food system. Drawing on international statistical series for 2000 –2023 and datasets from FAO, OECD, UPOV , ISTA, and UN Comtrade, the study identifies the scale of the global seed market, the key trends in its structural transformation, the geographical patterns of production and trade, and the impact of genetic progress on yield growth and the reduction of climate -related risks. The findings demonstrate that the modern seed sector serves as a core driver of technological innovation in crop production and accounts for up to one -quarter of the yield gains in major crops. Special attention is given to systemic constraints, including high market concentratio n, inconsistencies among national certification systems, infrastructural gaps, biotic pressures, and climate instability. The analysis substantiates that the integrated development of plant breeding, laboratory infrastructure, regulatory harmonization, and farmer access to certified seeds will define the competitiveness of national agricultural systems through 2030 -2035.