OʻZBEKISTONDA PAXTA VA GʻALLA URUGʻLIGINI TAYYORLOVCHI KORXONALARNING IQTISODIY SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISH YOʻLLARI
Affiliation
Toshkent davlat texnika universiteti
Abstract
The article analyses the institutional and economic conditions of enterprises that prepare cotton and small-grain cereal seed in Uzbekistan. The aim of the study is to improve the method for assessing the efficiency of these enterprises and to justify ways of raising it. Recent reforms of the seed system, including the consolidation and privatisation of seed enterprises, are assessed on the basis of legal and regulatory acts. Comparative and structural analysis and economic-mathematical modelling are used. An integral index combining six technological, quality and financial indicators is proposed, together with a model for estimating the economic effect of quality seed. For three hypothetical enterprises the integral index ranges from 0.68 to 1.00. Low efficiency is found to stem mainly from low profitability, a small share of highgeneration seed and incomplete use of capacity. In the hypothetical example, highgeneration cottonseed gives the farmer a net effect of 1.7 million soums per hectare, and each additional soum spent on seed returns 6.7 soums of revenue. Based on the results, proposals are made to expand demonstration plots, use capacity all year round, introduce independent laboratory control and digital traceability, and include the integral index in state monitoring. The method can be used to compare enterprises and to choose support measures for them.Keywords
seed production, cottonseed, wheat seed, economic efficiency, integral index, capacity utilisation, cost, reproduction
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